signs of melasma
The primary signs and symptoms of melasma include:
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Hyperpigmentation: The most noticeable symptom is the appearance of dark, irregularly shaped patches on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. These patches often have well-defined borders.
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Symmetry: Melasma tends to appear symmetrically on both sides of the face, which sets it apart from other forms of hyperpigmentation.
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Worsening with Sun Exposure: Exposure to the sun can exacerbate melasma, leading to the darkening of existing patches and the development of new ones.
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Chronic and Recurring: Melasma is a chronic condition and can recur even after successful treatment. It is essential to manage and protect the skin to prevent recurrence.
Causes of Melasma
The exact cause of melasma is not fully understood, but several factors are known to contribute to its development:
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Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those that occur during pregnancy, menopause, or while taking birth control pills, can trigger melasma.
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Sun Exposure: UV rays from the sun can stimulate the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour. Melasma often worsens with sun exposure.
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Genetics: There is a genetic component to melasma, meaning it can run in families.
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Cosmetic Products: Certain skincare products and cosmetics may contain ingredients that can worsen melasma. It's crucial to choose gentle, skin-friendly products.